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如何为Ubuntu虚拟机扩展磁盘

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VMWare安装了Ubuntu1904虚拟机，空间不足了，此篇文章将讲解如何扩容磁盘。

查看磁盘使用情况

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df -h
Filesystem                              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                                   796M  1.9M  794M   1% /run
/dev/sda1                                20G   18G  921M  96% /
tmpfs                                   3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                   5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs                                   3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs                                   796M   40K  796M   1% /run/user/1000

可以看出20G的磁盘使用率达到96%了，需要赶紧扩容了。

在VMWare中设置虚拟机属性

首先把Ubuntu虚拟机关机。

在VMWare中可以看到磁盘大小为20G。

点击”扩展”按钮。

磁盘从原始的20G扩展到30G

这里操作完成以后，还需要进入到Ubuntu系统中进行分区和扩展操作。

重启Ubuntu虚拟机

再次查看硬盘使用情况。

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df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           796M  1.8M  794M   1% /run
/dev/sda1        20G   18G  978M  95% /
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           796M   28K  796M   1% /run/user/1000

可以发现，实质上是没有变化的。但通过fdisk可以看到/dev/sda设备已经有30G了。

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sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa4334a8d

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *     2048 41940991 41938944  20G 83 Linux

备份数据

为了防止数据丢失，为虚拟机做一个快照吧。

扩容操作

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sudo fdisk /dev/sda
[sudo] password for simon: 

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): m

Help:

  DOS (MBR)
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit nested BSD disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   u   change display/entry units
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table


Command (m for help):

可以先打印分区表看看基本信息

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Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa4334a8d

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *     2048 41940991 41938944  20G 83 Linux

Command (m for help):

如果有交换分区(Linux swap)，比如/dev/sdan，则需要关闭。

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sudo swapoff /dev/sdan

然后删除分区

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Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.

Command (m for help):

新建分区

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Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-62914559, default 2048): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-62914559, default 62914559): 

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 30 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature.

Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n

打印看一下

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Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa4334a8d

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1        2048 62914559 62912512  30G 83 Linux

确认无误

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Command (m for help): a
Selected partition 1
The bootable flag on partition 1 is enabled now.

写入

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Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

重启虚拟机

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sudo reboot

不要着急，这个时候查看磁盘，还是会显示20G的。

执行扩容操作

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sudo resize2fs /dev/sda1
[sudo] password for simon: 
resize2fs 1.44.6 (5-Mar-2019)
Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 7864064 (4k) blocks long.

最后再次查看磁盘信息

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df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           796M  1.7M  794M   1% /run
/dev/sda1        30G   18G   11G  63% /
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           796M  1.2M  794M   1% /run/user/123
tmpfs           796M     0  796M   0% /run/user/1000

我们发现/dev/sda1已经有30G了，扩容成功。

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