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阿里云的空间没有续费,资源被释放了,代老师又要重启应用,这下就只有重新装系统装软件了。在这篇文章中,记录一下关于数据库Mysql的安装及配置过程。

安装Mariadb

  1. 安装命令
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yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
  1. 启动
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systemctl start mariadb

同时补充其他几个命令

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systemctl stop mariadb # 关闭服务
systemctl restart mariadb # 重启服务
systemctl status mariadb # 查看状态
  1. 进行Mariadb相关的简单初始化配置
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mysql_secure_installation

输入root密码,当然第一次密码为空,直接回车

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Enter current password for root (enter for none):

设置密码

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Set root password? [Y/n] <– 是否设置root用户密码,输入y并回车或直接回车
New password: <– 设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码

其他配置

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Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 是否删除匿名用户,回车
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–是否禁止root远程登录,回车,
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 是否删除test数据库,回车
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 是否重新加载权限表,回车

配置Mariadb的字符集

登录数据库

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$ mysql -u root -p

查看当前字符集

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MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%collation%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改字符集为utf-8

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vi /etc/my.cnf

在[mysqld]后添加

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character_set_server=utf8

再次查看字符集

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MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+

设置权限

授予root外网登陆权限

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mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by <password> WITH GRANT OPTION;

到此为止,mysql的安装及初始化配置已经完成。

开启开机启动

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systemctl enable mariadb

新版本的CentOS已经不使用chkconfig命令了

设置开机不自动启动则是

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systemctl disable mariadb

查看此服务是否为开机启动

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systemctl is-enabled mariadb

查看开机自启动的命令

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ls /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/

异常情况恢复

如果root自己把自己的权限弄没了,可以通过如下命令进入

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# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

这时进入mysql是不需要密码的。

如何把root用户都删除了,这时通过CREATE USER命令或者GRANT命令都是没有用的。需要通过SQL语句来插入一个用户。

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MariaDB [mysql]> INSERT INTO mysql.user (Host, User, Password) VALUES('localhost', 'root', PASSWORD('123456'));

然后把root用户其他所有的XXX_priv字段改为Y。这时,root用户的权限才算恢复过来了。

原来通过ssh client登录服务器时:

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$ ssh root@192.168.1.100
root@192.168.1.100's password:

是需要登录用户输入密码的,如果密码强度设置得比较高的话,还是不太容易记忆的。每次登录前都得把密码记录翻出来看看,工作效率不是很高。

为了提高效率,我们可以在本地(client端)生成一个私钥,一个公钥。

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$ cd ~/.ssh

$ ssh-keygen

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/simon/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /Users/simon/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/simon/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:aleqVoG5ecZ*****************qWkWaO0BTRG8 simon@Simon.local
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| ++. |
| B o.+ |
| * @ BEo |
| = O O.= o |
| . + XSB.o |
| o +.@o. |
| o o*oo |
| . .oo |
| .. |
+----[SHA256]-----+

$ ls
config id_rsa.pub
id_rsa known_hosts

然后登录到远程服务器,在~/.ssh目录下新建authorized_keys文件。

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$ touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

把公钥(client端)的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub文件的内容复制到服务器的.ssh/authorized_keys里面保存着。

这时,当你通过ssh root@192.168.1.100登录服务器时,就已经不需要输入密码了。

之前在写程序需要输出日志时,往往是这样写的

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private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(XXX.class)

之后,可以使用@Slf4j的注解

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>

如果注解@Slf4j注入后找不到变量log,那就给IDE安装lombok插件。
File → settings → Plugins, 然后点击“Browse repositories”,重启IDEA后,就不会出现Cannot resolve symbol ‘log’的错误了。

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